Instalação no Debian

apt update
apt install ca-certificates curl
install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

Adicionar o respositório

tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.sources <<EOF
Types: deb
URIs: https://download.docker.com/linux/debian
Suites: $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")
Components: stable
Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
EOF

Atualizar os repositorios

apt update

Instalar docker

apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Verificar os serviços

systemctl enable docker
systemctl status docker

Testar

docker run hello-world